Wood processing plays an important role in meeting the needs of industrial and agricultural production as well as people's daily lives. With the development of wood processing industry, the comprehensive utilization rate of wood is constantly improving, and the number of processing plants is also increasing. Due to the low fire resistance performance of general wood processing plant buildings; The raw materials used for processing are all combustible materials (ignition point generally between 250-300 ℃, spontaneous ignition point generally around 350 ℃); During the production process, a large amount of sawdust, shavings, wood chips, etc. are more prone to combustion than wood. Among them, wood chips, etc., when exposed to fire, have a longer smoldering time and are difficult to detect in a timely manner; In order to shorten the production cycle, manual drying method (baking room) is often used for drying, which uses a lot of open flames and high electricity consumption; Some processes also require the use of flammable and explosive liquids as adhesive materials, which correspondingly increases the risk of fire. Siemens fire alarm indicates that in the event of a fire in a wood processing enterprise, the combustion is fierce and the spread and development are rapid, which can easily cause a "fire chain". However, due to some wood processing owners having insufficient understanding of fire prevention work and mostly having a mentality of taking chances, many fire hazards have been caused. Siemens fire alarm manufacturers have summarized the common problems and preventive measures in the fire protection work of wood processing enterprises into the following aspects through fire supervision and inspection in the wood processing industry in recent years:

1、 The problems in fire protection work in the wood processing industry

1. It is the lack of mutual restraint mechanisms among the functional departments responsible for approval. For a long time, in the approval process of wood processing enterprises, there has not been a fully established mechanism of mutual restraint among the competent departments. This has caused many timber enterprises distributed in rural areas to miss inspections during the construction period and put them into production without being reviewed and accepted by the fire department, resulting in prominent congenital hidden dangers.

2. Most wood processing enterprises are simple buildings with extremely low fire resistance. Some production workshops and warehouses engaged in wood processing factories are rented residential buildings, while others are built with wooden boards, asbestos tiles (oil felt), resulting in the vast majority of wood processing enterprises being simple buildings with low fire resistance. Once a fire occurs, it will inevitably promote the rapid spread and expansion of the fire, bringing great difficulties to fire prevention and extinguishing work.

3. It is due to unreasonable planning and widespread violations of electricity and fire usage. Due to land limitations, most wood processing plants have greater flexibility in layout in order to fully utilize limited space. The production area, wood storage yard, warehouse, and living area inside the plant are mixed together. The installation of electrical equipment does not comply with safety operating procedures, and there are common phenomena such as unauthorized wiring, aging of wires, and failure to pass through combustible materials for protection. Copper and iron wires are used instead of fuses, self provided generators and diesel engines are used for processing, and raw materials and finished products are piled up around passages, doorways, machinery and electrical equipment.

4. There is a shortage of fire-fighting infrastructure and firefighting equipment. Most wood processing enterprises are located in suburban areas and areas far from urban and county towns, where there is no public fire water supply network. However, most processing plants are not equipped with sufficient fire-fighting equipment, and some lack maintenance and are ineffective.

5. The system is not sound and not implemented. Most wood processing plants do not have fire safety management systems or safety operating procedures. Although some enterprises have some simple fire safety systems and safety operating procedures, they can only implement them verbally. Not being able to correct existing hidden dangers and problems in a timely manner, only superficially addressing them.

6. The ability to prevent and rescue oneself and the education on fire safety knowledge need to be improved. Small timber processing enterprises only focus on production and operation, neglecting fire safety work. Most business owners and employees have not received fire safety training, lack fire safety knowledge, and have poor self-protection and self rescue abilities. The phenomenon of not timely cleaning sawdust waste, not timely maintenance and inspection of mechanical equipment and firefighting equipment is prominent, and existing firefighting facilities and equipment cannot be used correctly. Once a fire occurs, it is unclear how to extinguish the fire and evacuate personnel and materials.

2、 Countermeasures for Improving Fire Safety in the Current Wood Processing Industry

1. It is to establish a linkage management mechanism among relevant departments, strengthen the audit work of wood processing enterprises, and block fire hazards from the source. At the beginning of the construction of a wood processing plant, strict auditing systems, especially building fire prevention auditing and acceptance, are important means to avoid fire hazards. The relevant departments of local industry and commerce, forestry, fire protection, etc. should be interconnected, managed in a coordinated manner, and strictly supervised. Enterprise owners should submit building construction drawings and factory planning drawings to the fire department for review before construction can begin. For units without a review opinion from the fire department, the construction department will not issue a construction permit; Forestry, industrial and commercial enterprises are not allowed to handle registration, registration, business license and other related procedures for processing enterprises that fail fire safety inspections and have not undergone fire safety audits.

2. It is to strengthen the construction of fire protection organizations and ensure the integrity and usability of fire protection facilities. Most wood processing plants are far away from fire brigades, and many places have inconvenient transportation and communication. Therefore, efforts must be made to improve self-protection and self rescue capabilities. Firstly, establish a fire safety organization, equipped with full-time or part-time fire prevention officers, to ensure that there is a dedicated organization and person in charge of enterprise fire prevention work. Assign dedicated personnel to manage and maintain the fire protection facilities and equipment of the enterprise, plan, arrange and inspect fire safety, and promptly rectify safety hazards; Secondly, it is necessary to establish rules and regulations, and establish a responsibility system layer by layer. Responsibility is in place, joint management is emphasized, and fire safety work is integrated into enterprise management.

3. It is to increase the enforcement and supervision of fire protection, timely carry out governance, and standardize the fire safety management of the timber industry. Fire law enforcement supervision is the basic means of discovering and eliminating fire hazards, correcting illegal and irregular behaviors, and preventing and reducing fires. For fire hazards discovered during inspections, those who can be corrected on the spot should be urged to do so. For those who cannot be rectified at the moment, corresponding safety measures must be taken, and production must be corrected while ensuring safety. For some major fire hazards, closure and rectification measures should be taken. For units that refuse to rectify or cannot rectify, compulsory measures such as canceling their business license, relevant permits, or relocating and changing their use should be taken to solve them. Public security fire protection agencies should pay attention to supervising and implementing the following issues in the fire safety inspection of the wood processing industry:

(1) Urge enterprises to conduct regular and irregular self inspections, implement various fire safety management systems, and continuously strengthen fire protection work.

(2) Conduct a thorough investigation into the fire safety situation of local wood processing enterprises, and clarify the situation.

(3) The fire resistance rating, floor area, and fire separation distance of the wood processing plant should comply with the requirements of the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings". Flammable buildings that are still in use should be gradually renovated.

(4) The factory buildings, warehouses, baking rooms, material factories, and living areas within the wood processing plant should be separated and have a certain fire separation distance. For those that cannot have sufficient fire separation distance, firewalls should be used for separation.

(5) It is required that the logs stacked in the open air by the wood processing plant should be neatly stacked and not occupy passages. The stacking location should be far away from boilers and other open flame operations, and should not be close to dangerous goods warehouses and finished product warehouses.

(6) The amount of wood stacked in the workshop of the wood processing plant must be strictly controlled and excessive storage is not allowed. The processed finished products should be transported away in a timely manner. Raw materials and finished products shall not be stacked around channels, entrances, machinery and electrical equipment.

(7) Sawdust and sawdust generated during wood processing production shall not be stacked in the workshop. Shavings and waste should be removed daily.

(8) The installation, use, and wiring of electrical equipment should comply with the requirements of the Electrical Equipment Installation Regulations. For those that do not meet the requirements, replacement, maintenance, and ensuring electrical safety should be urged.

(9) Urge timber enterprises to implement basic fire extinguishing facilities and equipment, build fire water tanks, and ensure sufficient fire water sources.

(10) Welding, gas welding, gas cutting, or other open flames are not allowed to be used in the wood processing workshop. When necessary, approval procedures should be processed, fire prevention measures should be taken, the hot work area and surrounding combustible materials should be thoroughly removed, and fire extinguishing equipment should be prepared. After hot work, a dedicated person should inspect to prevent residual flames.

(11) Strengthen fire prevention measures in the drying process, improve and eliminate some outdated and high-risk production processes.

In short, the fire safety management of wood processing enterprises needs to be highly valued by the government and various functional departments. Public security fire departments and police stations should further establish a service awareness, supervise enterprises to establish and improve fire safety systems, ensure that key personnel training is in place, fire protection facilities and equipment are in place, prevention measures for key areas are in place, daily inspections and regular inspections are in place, fire hazard rectification is in place, and ensure that safety management does not leave loopholes or blind spots, so as to lead the fire safety behavior of enterprises to a standardized path. To provide safety guarantees for the healthy and rapid development of wood processing enterprises.