With the increasing use of fire and electricity in modern households, the frequency of household fires is increasing. Once a family fire occurs, it is easy to encounter adverse factors such as untimely firefighting, lack of firefighting equipment, panic among the people present, and delayed evacuation, ultimately leading to significant loss of life and property. Exploring the characteristics and fire prevention strategies of family fires is of practical significance for preventing family fires and reducing fire losses.

1、 Preparation work before debugging the fire alarm system

1. Data preparation: Detailed understanding of the engineering system configuration (including system diagrams, floor plans, user manuals, owner or construction party's requirements, key points, etc.) should be obtained from the data management personnel.

2. Check whether the system installation meets the design requirements based on the system design drawings.

3. Tables and tool spare parts used in debugging, such as multimeters, wiring tools and encoders, screwdrivers, pointed pliers, diagonal pliers, terminal resistors, etc.

4. Perform self inspection on the system and understand the construction situation of the project:

(1) Check whether the system installation meets the design requirements based on the system design drawings. If there are discrepancies in the system design drawings, the other party should be informed to take corresponding measures.

(2) Understand whether the on-site installation equipment control box can be connected to our alarm linkage system as required. If it does not meet the requirements, inform the other party in a timely manner to make corresponding changes. Understand whether the fire hydrant button light uses light-emitting diodes or white orange lights, and whether there are high current operating equipment on site, such as positive pressure air supply valves, electric fire dampers, separation and release devices, to calculate the required current for lighting. If the main power supply cannot be provided, the engineering party should be notified to add an additional power supply.

(3) Perform individual power on inspections on the fire alarm host, broadcast communication cabinet, CRT and other equipment one by one, and only after they are normal can system debugging be carried out. If the equipment is found to be abnormal during a single machine inspection, the cause should be analyzed and resolved in a timely manner.

(4) Check whether the insulation resistance of the system circuit to the ground and the system grounding meet the requirements of the Construction and Acceptance Specification for Fire Automatic Alarm Systems. The insulation resistance to the ground should not be less than 20 megaohms. When using working grounding, the ground resistance to the ground should not exceed 4 ohms. When using joint grounding, the ground resistance to the ground should not exceed 1 ohm.

(5) Check the system wiring and handle errors, open circuits, short circuits, grounding, etc.

(6) Connect the AC power supply well, and the measured voltage range should not exceed 220V+10% -15%. Connect the backup battery and make the final preparations for startup debugging.

2、 Fire alarm system debugging

1. Code the installed detectors, manual alarm buttons, and various modules (input and output modules) according to the system design drawings (floor plan or system diagram). If there are no numbers for detectors and various modules on the drawings, debugging personnel should cooperate with the construction party to accurately indicate the actual address codes of detectors and various modules on the drawings.

2. Based on the signal lines, corresponding circuits of the controller, detectors, and various module numbers that have been coded with address codes, compile an address code table, and program display information, system information, and linkage relationships according to the address code table and the control requirements of the system fire equipment (fire regulations). The linkage relationship plan is provided by the fire installation company. If the linkage relationship scheme does not comply with fire safety regulations, the construction party must be required to sign and confirm (such as requiring smoke alarm linkage with water pump, etc.).

General requirements for editing linkage logical relationships:

(1) Fire hydrant system: The manual alarm button of the fire hydrant is activated → Start the output module of the control alarm bell or sound and light alarm on this floor or upper and lower levels → Connect the power supply of the alarm bell or sound and light alarm. The manual alarm button for the fire hydrant is activated → start the fire pump.

(2) Automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system: Water flow indicator action signal → Start the output module of the control alarm bell or sound and light alarm on this floor → Connect the power supply of the alarm bell or sound and light alarm. Pressure switch action signal → Start spray pump. Or the water flow indicator action signal → start the spray pump. Or the combination of the water flow indicator action signal and the pressure switch action signal → start the spray pump. (Specific linkage requirements depend on local conditions)

(3) Positive pressure air supply system: The linkage relationship of the mechanical positive pressure air supply system is as follows: detector alarm signal or manual alarm button alarm signal → open the positive pressure air supply outlet → positive pressure air supply outlet open signal → start the positive pressure air supply fan. The number of openings for positive pressure air supply outlets can be set according to the following requirements: 1) The opening of positive pressure air supply outlets in smoke proof stairwells should ensure that the entire stairwell is fully open, forming a uniform positive pressure throughout the entire stairwell; 2) The opening of the positive pressure air supply outlet in the front room should be in the order of personnel evacuation, that is, the positive pressure air supply outlets on the alarm layer and the upper and lower floors of the alarm layer should be opened.

(4) The linkage logic relationship of the smoke exhaust system: detector alarm signal in the smoke exhaust zone or manual alarm button alarm signal in the smoke exhaust zone → start the smoke exhaust port in the smoke exhaust zone (open) → smoke exhaust port open signal → start the smoke exhaust fan in the corresponding smoke exhaust zone (or start the smoke exhaust fan at high speed). The closing signal of the smoke exhaust fire damper (280 ℃) at the inlet of the smoke exhaust fan → stop the smoke exhaust fan in the relevant area.

(5) The logical relationship between the linkage of fireproof rolling shutter doors is as follows: 1) Fireproof rolling shutter doors that are only used for fire separation can be lowered in one step instead of two steps. Detector alarm signal or manual alarm button alarm signal → Start the fire roller shutter doors around this fire zone to lower and lower to the bottom. 2) The fire roller shutter doors used in evacuation routes should be lowered in two steps, with the following linkage: smoke detectors installed on both sides of the fire roller shutter door alarm signal → start the fire roller shutter door to descend in one step, the fire roller shutter door descends to a distance of 1.8m from the ground (floor) and stops. When the temperature detectors installed on both sides of the fire roller shutter door emit an alarm signal → start the fire roller shutter door to descend again to the bottom.

(6) Fire alarm device and fire accident broadcast linkage: In high-rise buildings, fire alarm devices mainly refer to alarm bells or sound and light alarms, equipped with automatic sound and light alarms, and their opening sequence is the same as the opening sequence of fire accident broadcasts. The linkage relationship between opening the alarm bell or sound and light alarm and fire accident broadcast in the automatic alarm system is as follows: fire detector alarm signal or manual alarm button alarm signal → start the control alarm bell or sound and light alarm, output module of fire accident broadcast → connect the power supply of the alarm bell or sound and light alarm, and connect the fire accident broadcast line. The opening sequence of fire alarms and fire accident announcements in high-rise buildings is as follows: 1) When a fire occurs on floors 2 or above, it is advisable to first connect the fire floor and its adjacent upper and lower floors; 2) When a fire occurs on the first floor, it is advisable to connect the main floor, second floor, and underground floors first; 3) When a fire occurs in the basement, it is advisable to connect the underground floors and the first floor first; A single story building with multiple fire compartments should first connect the fire compartment and its adjacent fire compartments;

(7) The linkage relationship of the fire elevator is as follows: manual alarm button and detector alarm signal → activate the emergency landing output module of the fire elevator → emergency landing of the fire elevator to the first floor and return signal to the fire control room. The best way to make an emergency landing for a fire elevator is to manually make the landing in the fire control room.

(8) Non fire power supply switching: The logical relationship between the non fire power supply switching linkage is as follows: manual alarm button and detector alarm → start the non fire power supply switching output module action → this module starts the circuit breaker (air switch) release mechanism to trip the interrupter (air switch) and cut off the non fire power supply. The best way to cut off non fire power sources is to manually cut them off in the fire control room.

3. Use a multimeter to check the signal bus of the detector and various modules (manual alarm, monitoring, control modules) installed, and preliminarily determine that the circuit is not short circuited or grounded before proceeding to the next step of work. For module power lines, it is necessary to measure with a multimeter without short circuits or grounding, and ensure that all on-site terminals are connected properly without exposed wire ends before power can be applied. For multi line linkage control cabinets, due to the large number of lines connected to the on-site equipment control cabinet, inspection should be carried out according to the requirements of the lines. The terminals (terminal load, resistor, diode, etc.) that should be added on site should be connected properly. At the same time, each connected wire should be measured with a multimeter at the control cabinet end before being connected to the control cabinet. Strictly check that the wiring end is not connected to the strong current line. It is strictly prohibited to connect the control wire to the control cabinet host first, and then connect the wire to the on-site equipment end.

4. Accurately connect the signal line with the completed address code to the controller and clearly mark the line. Eliminate circuit faults, detector faults, module faults, etc. one by one.

5. When troubleshooting, the single point testing function on the host can be used to detect the communication situation between the detector or module and the host, as well as the presence of interference signals in the signal circuit.

6. Conduct smoke alarm tests on each detector one by one. For those that do not alarm or misalarm, they should be replaced and retested in a timely manner. At the same time, verify whether the corresponding display relationship of the detector is correct. If any errors occur, adjust them through on-site programming.

7. Simulate the control module and control program according to the requirements of linkage control until the system is fully operational.

(1) Manually start each controlled fire linkage equipment, such as fire broadcast, fire alarm bell, positive pressure air outlet, positive pressure fan, smoke exhaust valve, smoke exhaust fan, fire pump, sprinkler pump, fire elevator emergency landing, non fire power cut off, accident lighting, etc., and check if the feedback signal of each controlled equipment is correct. If it is not correct, it must be corrected. If the device cannot be started, the possible reason may be: incorrect programming or incorrect coding correspondence; 24V power supply not connected; The equipment control box is not in automatic mode; The device control box is not powered on.

(2) Set the controller to automatic mode, perform smoke alarm on the detector, and check whether the linkage of the controlled equipment meets the linkage control requirements. Notes:

a. Establish good cooperative relationships with clients, efficiently and timely complete one's own job responsibilities.

b. Properly, clearly, and principled handling of issues related to the involvement of non company supplied products in debugging projects.

c. Guide customers politely, politely, and patiently to solve technical problems during debugging, and complete debugging tasks promptly and successfully.

3、 Work after debugging the fire alarm system

1. After the system simulation alarm and simulation linkage test are completed, the system should be powered on and run for 120 hours without any faults before preparing for acceptance. Before the system debugging engineer completes the debugging work and delivers it to the user for operation and use, they need to organize relevant system information and deliver it to the user and the company for archiving, for future system maintenance and use.

The materials that are usually required to be organized and archived should include:

(1) Fire protection system completion drawing: system diagram, floor plan with detector and various module codes marked.

(2) System configuration: number of circuits in the system, number of coded addresses for each circuit, distribution and display range of floor display panels.

(3) The system displays correspondence: the correspondence between each encoded address and the actual address, as well as the device type of each encoded address.

(4) System linkage logic relationship: The distribution and action logic relationship of the fire protection equipment in the system.

2. The debugged project is continuously monitored during operation.

3. Provide training for user maintenance personnel and on duty personnel.