1、 Composition and working principle of fire alarm system

1. Composition

The fire alarm system consists of a triggering device, an automatic alarm system, a fire alarm controller, an audible and visual alarm, and various control modules. According to the size of buildings and the number of key areas for prevention and control, fire alarm systems are divided into regional fire alarm systems, centralized fire alarm systems, and control center fire alarm systems.

2. Working principle

When the fire alarm system is in operation, it will send a fire alarm controller inspection signal and detect the situation of the fire alarm system. The temperature and smoke concentration within the detection range of the working area will be detected and fed back to the fire detector. When there is an abnormality in the data, such as temperature exceeding the standard or smoke concentration exceeding the standard, the temperature and smoke concentration will be detected and fed back to the fire alarm controller to patrol and judge the information. The setting of the fire alarm control device will be determined based on the situation of the fire alarm system. Once a fire occurs, the fire alarm system will display an alarm and activate the corresponding control module to control each corresponding fire extinguishing equipment, while issuing a fire alarm.

2、 Problems in the operation of fire alarm systems

1. The system equipment is not functioning properly

During the operation of the fire alarm system equipment, the inability of the alarm controller to be properly connected to the backup power supply may result in the alarm controller being unable to carry the backup power supply. In addition, during the operation of fire alarm systems, the frequency of alarm controller host failures is usually high, and the accuracy of fault diagnosis is relatively low. In actual operation, users should adopt isolation, shielding and other methods to maintain the normal operation of the system. Some fire alarm systems have a long service life, severe equipment aging, outdated equipment technology, and some components are difficult to configure due to their age, resulting in high replacement costs and difficulty. Some users can only barely maintain their operation, causing the fire alarm system to operate with faults.

2. Linkage equipment cannot start normally

The linkage equipment of the fire alarm system did not start the fire protection equipment properly, and the centralized alarm controller, automatic fire extinguishing system, fire hydrant system control device, smoke exhaust system, ventilation system control device, fire roller shutter controller, fire communication equipment and other equipment were not activated, resulting in all corresponding functions not functioning properly and not operating normally in the event of a fire. Some building fire alarm systems and automatic fire extinguishing systems are not well-equipped, and automatic fire protection facilities such as mechanical smoke exhaust cannot be linked, resulting in damage to the drivers. Make it impossible for the fire pumps, smoke exhaust fans, and other important fire protection facilities linked through the bus control module to operate and effectively monitor their operating status. In addition, manual control mode is often used in the fire linkage process, making it difficult to ensure that the fire alarm system can be activated in a timely manner in the event of a fire.

3. Improper selection of fire detectors

According to the design specifications of fire alarm systems, the selection of fire alarm systems should be carried out, mainly by selecting the type of fire detector and analyzing the fire mode in the detection area. The room height and environmental conditions in the detection area of the fire alarm system should be analyzed, and the factors causing the fire should be paid attention to. The correct selection of fire detector models should be made to avoid false alarms. In the construction of fire alarm systems in some buildings, some detectors are not selected correctly and are not installed with the same model of detectors, which can easily lead to inconsistent detection, non alarm or false alarm situations, and cannot effectively monitor fires.

4. Environmental interference

The operation of a fire alarm system requires high environmental requirements and requires the removal of environmental interference. However, in the actual operation of a fire alarm system, the environment is more complex and limited by external environmental influences. If there are banners blocking or decoration material contamination during the operation of the fire alarm system, it will affect the normal operation of the fire alarm system.

5. Inaccurate address identification information

During the renovation process, some projects failed to update facility data in a timely manner due to changes in the installation position of detectors caused by the construction mode. Due to inconsistent identification information of the installation address of the fire alarm system and physical location records of the detector, the fire alarm system cannot accurately reflect the location and situation of the fire in the event of a fire.